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Updated: May 24, 2026
10:03
Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces
Published on: February 6, 2017
New interventions against human norovirus: progress, opportunities, and challenges.
Jianrong Li1, Ashley Predmore, Erin Divers
1Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. li.926@osu.edu
Annual Review of Food Science and Technology
|March 6, 2012
Summary
Human norovirus (HuNoV) causes widespread foodborne illness and is hard to study. New food processing, vaccines, and antiviral strategies are urgently needed to control this contagious pathogen.
Area of Science:
- Food Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of global foodborne disease outbreaks.
- HuNoV is highly stable, contagious, and requires few particles to cause illness.
- Studying HuNoV is challenging due to the absence of efficient in vitro culture systems and animal models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the urgent need for effective control measures against Human norovirus.
- To emphasize the necessity for developing novel food-processing technologies for HuNoV inactivation.
- To advocate for advancements in vaccine development and antiviral strategies targeting HuNoV.
Main Methods:
- Review of current knowledge on HuNoV biology, transmission, and control challenges.
- Analysis of surrogate models (e.g., VLP, MNV, FCV) used in HuNoV research.
- Evaluation of existing and potential intervention strategies, including food processing, vaccines, and antivirals.
Main Results:
- Limited understanding of HuNoV biology due to research model limitations.
- Identification of high-risk foods (seafood, fresh produce, ready-to-eat) for HuNoV contamination.
- Current lack of effective control measures for HuNoV outbreaks.
Conclusions:
- Urgent need for innovative food-processing technologies to inactivate HuNoV in contaminated foods.
- Consideration of diverse vaccine candidates, including live vectored vaccines, alongside VLP-based vaccines.
- Exploration of virus-receptor interaction blockage as a potential antiviral target.
- Call for integrated, multidisciplinary research and enhanced food virology education programs.
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