Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026
08:40
Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
Published on: June 12, 2019
Evaluating validity and test-retest reliability in four drive for muscularity questionnaires
David Tod1, Todd G Morrison, Christian Edwards
1Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom. dvt@aber.ac.uk
Body Image
|March 9, 2012
Summary
This study evaluated four drive for muscularity questionnaires, finding good reliability and validity in young men. While effective, the questionnaires share significant variance, suggesting room for improvement in measuring muscularity.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sports Science
- Measurement
Background:
- The drive for muscularity is a key aspect of male body image.
- Accurate measurement of this drive is crucial for research and clinical applications.
- Existing drive for muscularity questionnaires require psychometric evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the relationships among four commonly used drive for muscularity questionnaires.
- To evaluate the 7- and 14-day test-retest reliability of these instruments.
- To provide evidence for the psychometric properties of drive for muscularity inventories.
Main Methods:
- Two samples of young British adult males (N=272 and N=54) completed drive for muscularity questionnaires.
- Participants in Sample 2 completed the questionnaires at three time points (baseline, 7 days, 14 days).
- Correlations, intraclass correlations, and t-tests were used to analyze concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and test-retest reliability.
Main Results:
- Correlations among questionnaires ranged from .20 to .82, supporting concurrent and discriminant validity.
- Test-retest reliability was strong, with intraclass correlations ranging from .78 to .95 (p<.001).
- Most t-tests for differences between time points were nonsignificant (p>.05), indicating stability.
Conclusions:
- The drive for muscularity inventories demonstrate sound psychometric properties, including good reliability and validity.
- A shared variance of 35-67% among the questionnaires suggests potential overlap and avenues for refinement.
- These findings support the use of current measures while highlighting opportunities for developing more precise instruments.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Reliability and Validity
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.