Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...

Random Variables

Random Variables

A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A High Level of Calculated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Progression of Renal Impairment.

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society·2026

Same author

Embedding Multiperspective Reflections in Co-Producing a Training Intervention for Care Home Staff: Understanding Group Members' Journeys and Impacts.

Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy·2026

Same author

Budesonide and Surfactant Therapy Versus Surfactant Alone on Incidence of Lung Disease in Preterm Infants (BEST Lung): Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis With Nested Prospective Meta-Analysis.

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)·2026

Same author

Closing the Gap to Interventions for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND): Protocol for a Longitudinal Study of TAND Severity, Predictors, and Caregiver Well-Being (TANDem-2).

JMIR research protocols·2026

Same author

Photonic decision making using optical frequency difference detection in mutually-coupled semiconductor lasers.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Initial Resuscitation of Preterm Infants With Targeted Oxygen-Reply.

JAMA·2026

Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Secure key distribution using correlated randomness in lasers driven by common random light.

Kazuyuki Yoshimura¹, Jun Muramatsu, Peter Davis

¹NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation 2-4, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan.

Physical Review Letters

|March 10, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a secure key distribution method using random light in optical systems. This novel approach ensures security by leveraging the inherent unpredictability of physical phenomena, demonstrated over 120 km.

More Related Videos

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

Published on: November 22, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

Published on: November 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Optical Physics
Cryptography

Background:

Secure key distribution is crucial for modern communication.
Existing methods face challenges in practical implementation and security.
Exploiting physical randomness offers a promising avenue for enhanced security.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel secure key distribution scheme.
To leverage correlated physical randomness in optical systems for security.
To experimentally validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Main Methods:

Utilizing remote optical scramblers driven by common random light.
Employing semiconductor lasers synchronized by common light with random phase variations.
Experimental demonstration of the key distribution scheme.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of a secure key distribution scheme.
Feasibility proven over a distance of 120 km.
Security relies on the inherent difficulty of observing random optical phenomena.

Conclusions:

The proposed scheme offers a practical and secure method for key distribution.
Synchronization of semiconductor lasers is a viable technique for this application.
The approach is robust and scalable for longer distances.