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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
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Updated: May 24, 2026

An Orthotopic Sciatic Nerve Xenograft for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Neurofibromas
03:53

An Orthotopic Sciatic Nerve Xenograft for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Neurofibromas

Published on: October 10, 2025

Neurofibromatoses.

Erik J Uhlmann1, Scott R Plotkin

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Familial tumor syndromes like Neurofibromatosis 1, 2, and schwannomatosis are inherited disorders impacting nerve and skin. This chapter details their genetics, molecular basis, and clinical management.

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Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

Published on: May 17, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Neurocutaneous Disorders

Background:

  • Familial tumor predisposition syndromes are crucial for understanding cancer development.
  • Neurofibromatosis 1, neurofibromatosis 2, and schwannomatosis are distinct inherited autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorders.
  • These conditions exhibit complete penetrance and have well-characterized pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Neurofibromatosis 1, 2, and schwannomatosis.
  • To discuss the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders.
  • To outline clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neurofibromatosis and schwannomatosis.
  • Analysis of genetic and molecular data pertaining to pathogenesis.
  • Synthesis of clinical information regarding diagnosis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Neurofibromatosis 1, 2, and schwannomatosis are genetically and clinically distinct entities.
  • Detailed understanding of their pathogenesis has been achieved.
  • Information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management is available.

Conclusions:

  • These inherited neurocutaneous disorders represent key models for studying oncogenesis.
  • A thorough grasp of their genetics and molecular mechanisms is essential.
  • Effective clinical management relies on accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches.