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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

Vocal cord dysfunction in adolescents.

Johannes Schulze1, Sarah Weber, Martin Rosewich

  • 1Department of Allergy, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. johannes.schulze@kgu.de

Pediatric Pulmonology
|March 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) diagnosis in adolescents can be aided by a methacholine challenge test (MCT). Lower methacholine doses predict VCD, but direct laryngoscopy remains essential for diagnosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) presents with abrupt respiratory symptoms, often requiring laryngoscopy for diagnosis.
  • Asymptomatic presentation necessitates methods to provoke VCD symptoms for accurate diagnosis.
  • Flow-volume loop alterations have been explored as potential predictors of VCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of a methacholine challenge test (MCT) in diagnosing VCD in adolescents.
  • To compare pulmonary function test (PFT) changes after MCT in patients with suspected VCD, non-VCD bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and healthy controls.
  • To determine if MCT can differentiate between VCD and non-VCD in adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Adolescents with suspected VCD underwent initial PFTs and direct laryngoscopy.
  • A methacholine challenge test (MCT) was administered to determine the provocative dose causing a 20% drop in FEV1 (PD(20) FEV1).
  • Second laryngoscopy was performed post-MCT, and PFT changes were compared between groups, including 14 healthy controls (HCs).

Main Results:

  • Of 32 patients, 14 had VCD and 18 had non-VCD bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
  • Patients with VCD had a significantly lower PD(20) FEV1 methacholine dose (0.24 mg) compared to non-VCD (0.73 mg).
  • A PD(20) FEV1 < 0.24 mg predicted VCD with 85% sensitivity and 75% specificity; VCD patients showed greater post-MCT airway obstruction.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of MCT and laryngoscopy can differentiate between VCD and non-VCD in adolescents.
  • VCD is associated with a positive reaction at lower methacholine doses and increased airway obstruction post-MCT.
  • PFTs and MCT do not replace direct laryngoscopy for VCD diagnosis in adolescents.