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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
13:35

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Bilateral simultaneous breast reconstruction with SGAP flaps.

Jaime I Flores1, Michael Magarakis, Raghunandan Venkat

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Microsurgery
|March 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap is an effective option for autologous breast reconstruction when abdominal tissue is unsuitable. Bilateral SGAP flap breast reconstructions can be performed simultaneously with high success rates.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Postmastectomy breast reconstruction commonly utilizes deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) or superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flaps.
  • The SGAP flap and its lateral septocutaneous variation are alternatives for autologous breast reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze outcomes of simultaneous bilateral breast reconstruction using SGAP flaps.
  • To evaluate the use of lateral septocutaneous SGAP flaps for this procedure.
  • To compare findings with existing literature and emphasize the role of 3D CT angiography.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 23 patients (46 SGAP flaps) undergoing breast reconstruction (December 2005 - January 2010).
  • Data collected included flap weight, ischemia time, hospital stay, flap survival, and complications like fat necrosis and re-exploration.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
13:35

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial
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Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial

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Main Results:

  • Mean flap weights were approximately 570g for both left and right flaps.
  • Mean ischemia times were 129.1 minutes (first flap) and 177.7 minutes (second flap).
  • All flaps survived; 10.8% experienced fat necrosis, and 3 patients required re-exploration.

Conclusions:

  • The SGAP flap is a viable and effective option for autologous breast reconstruction, particularly when abdominal tissue harvesting is not feasible.
  • Simultaneous bilateral breast reconstruction using SGAP flaps is achievable with successful outcomes.