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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

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Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
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High chalcocite Cu2S: a solid-liquid hybrid phase.

Lin-Wang Wang1

  • 1Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. lwwang@lbl.gov

Physical Review Letters
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Copper(II) sulfide (Cu2S) high chalcocite exhibits an unusual solid-liquid hybrid phase at >105 °C, distinct from superionics. This transition involves a sublattice solid to liquid transformation, challenging previous structural models.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Materials can exhibit unique solid-liquid hybrid phases, such as superionics at high temperatures.
  • Understanding phase transitions in materials like copper(II) sulfide (Cu2S) is crucial for materials science applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase behavior of the intensely studied Cu(2)S high chalcocite phase.
  • To determine the formation mechanism and atomic structure of high chalcocite.
  • To clarify the nature of the low chalcocite to high chalcocite transition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analyzing the atomic structure and phase transitions of Cu(2)S.

Main Results:

  • The Cu(2)S high chalcocite phase exists as a solid-liquid hybrid phase at temperatures above 105 °C.
  • The formation mechanism of this hybrid phase differs from that of superionics.
  • The previously proposed atomic structure for high chalcocite was found to be incorrect.
  • The transition from low to high chalcocite is characterized as a sublattice solid to liquid transition.

Conclusions:

  • High chalcocite of Cu(2)S represents a novel solid-liquid hybrid phase, not previously recognized.
  • The study corrects the understanding of high chalcocite's atomic structure and its phase transition mechanism.
  • This finding has implications for the study of phase transitions in materials.