Zinc in the central nervous system: From molecules to behavior

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biochemistry
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Zinc is an essential trace metal with critical roles in the central nervous system.
• It influences gene expression, enzyme activity, synaptic function, and neuronal plasticity.
• Altered zinc levels are linked to various neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the multifaceted roles of zinc in brain function across the lifespan.
• To underscore the connection between zinc status and neurological disorders.
• To emphasize the importance of understanding zinc homeostasis for therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

• This abstract synthesizes existing knowledge on zinc's biological functions in the brain.
• It reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms of zinc's action.
• It discusses the implications of zinc dysregulation in neurological diseases.

Main Results:

• Zinc is indispensable for neonatal brain development and adult cognitive function.
• It modulates gene expression and enzymatic activities vital for neuronal metabolism.
• Zinc influences synaptic activity and plasticity, impacting learning and memory.

Conclusions:

• Dysregulation of brain zinc homeostasis is associated with impaired development, neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), and mood disorders.
• Zinc's role in neuronal damage from TBI, stroke, and seizures is significant.
• Further research into brain zinc homeostasis mechanisms is critical for developing effective treatments for neurological disorders.