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Mortality rates for extremely low-birthweight infants: a regional, population-based study in Japan during 2005-2009

Masatoki Kaneko1, Hiroshi Sameshima, Katsuhide Kai

  • 1Perinatal Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. mkaneko@fc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
|May 9, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Extremely low-birthweight infant survival is influenced by gestational age and birth center type. Key factors for mortality in these vulnerable newborns include prematurity, non-tertiary care, and multiple births.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy and Perinatal Medicine
  • Public Health and Epidemiology
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants (<1000 g) face significant mortality risks.
  • Understanding factors influencing survival is crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neonatal and infant mortality rates in ELBW infants.
  • To identify clinical factors associated with mortality in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based study analyzed data from 195 infants born between 2005 and 2009.
  • Statistical analyses, including log-rank tests and multiple regression, were employed.

Main Results:

  • Infant mortality rates varied significantly by gestational age and birth weight, with higher survival at later gestations and higher birth weights.
  • Survival rates were notably higher in tertiary centers compared to non-tertiary centers for 24-week-old infants.
  • Cesarean section delivery was associated with lower mortality compared to vaginal delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Gestational age at birth is a primary determinant of survival for ELBW infants.
  • Centralization of care in tertiary centers and mode of delivery (cesarean section) appear to positively impact survival.
  • Multiple births and early gestational age (22-24 weeks) are significant risk factors for mortality.
Abstract

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