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Related Concept Videos

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry01:22

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
These...
Fixation and Sectioning01:03

Fixation and Sectioning

Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...
Differential Staining Technique01:26

Differential Staining Technique

Differential staining is an essential microbiological technique that exploits variations in cell wall structures to classify and identify microorganisms. It facilitates the distinction of bacteria, aiding in diagnostic and research applications. Two of the most widely used differential staining methods are Gram staining and acid-fast staining, both of which rely on the chemical and structural differences in bacterial cell walls.Gram Staining TechniqueGram staining differentiates bacteria by...
Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:35

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

Double staining immunohistochemistry.

Xiao Chen1, Dan-Bi Cho, Ping-Chang Yang

  • 1Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

North American Journal of Medical Sciences
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews common immunohistochemistry techniques for research and clinical use, detailing direct and indirect immune staining, enzyme, fluorescence, APC, and PAP methods.

Keywords:
Immunohistochemistry

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Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons
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High-Throughput Automated Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assays for Translational Research
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High-Throughput Automated Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assays for Translational Research

Published on: June 10, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:35

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons
07:30

Primer for Immunohistochemistry on Cryosectioned Rat Brain Tissue: Example Staining for Microglia and Neurons

Published on: May 12, 2015

High-Throughput Automated Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assays for Translational Research
09:12

High-Throughput Automated Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assays for Translational Research

Published on: June 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Laboratory Medicine

Background:

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital technique in biological research and clinical diagnostics.
  • Standardized methods are crucial for reliable and reproducible results in IHC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of commonly employed immunohistochemistry methods.
  • To outline the principles and applications of various IHC techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Direct immune staining
  • Indirect immune staining
  • Enzyme-based detection (e.g., enzyme method)
  • Fluorescence-based detection (e.g., fluorescence method)
  • Allophycocyanin (APC) method
  • Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase (PAP) method

Main Results:

  • The article details the procedural aspects of each summarized IHC method.
  • Key considerations for optimal staining and interpretation are discussed implicitly through method descriptions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding these diverse immunohistochemistry methods is essential for researchers and clinicians.
  • The selection of an appropriate IHC method depends on experimental needs and available resources.