Ultraviolet action spectrum for intracellular free Ca2+ increase in human epidermal keratinocytes

Effects of UV on normal human epidermal keratinocytes were studied by measuring the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) using fluorescence ratio imaging (fura-2-AM). Upon UV irradiation the [Ca2+]i increased sharply after a certain lag time, and the UV sensitivity was higher at lower temperatures. Statistically the distribution of [Ca2+]i became broader as the mean values became larger, and the number of affected cells increased sharply above a certain fluence (light intensity x time [photons/cm2]) at all wavelengths studied (200-400 nm). The action spectrum showed a single peak at about 230 nm and decreased gradually toward longer-wavelength UV regions.