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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices

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Resolving the time when an electron exits a tunnelling barrier.

Dror Shafir¹, Hadas Soifer, Barry D Bruner

¹Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

|May 19, 2012

Summary

Researchers measured electron tunnelling exit times using a probe laser. This breakthrough precisely tracks electron dynamics after tunnelling, crucial for ultrafast science and attosecond experiments.

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Area of Science:

Quantum mechanics
Ultrafast science
Atomic and molecular physics

Background:

Electron tunnelling is a fundamental quantum process initiated by intense laser fields.
Attosecond science investigates electron dynamics on an attosecond (10^-18 s) timescale.
Linking tunnelling to electron dynamics outside the barrier remains a key quantum mechanics challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for measuring the precise time an electron exits a tunnelling barrier.
To investigate electron dynamics immediately following laser-induced tunnelling.
To provide a tool for resolving ultrafast multi-electron rearrangements.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a weak probe field to steer tunnelled electrons laterally.
Monitoring attosecond light bursts emitted upon electron-ion re-encounter.
Measuring subtle delays in ionization times from specific molecular orbitals.

Main Results:

Successfully measured the electron exit time from the tunnelling barrier.
Demonstrated high sensitivity by detecting ionization delays in a carbon dioxide molecule.
Validated a new approach for probing electron dynamics post-tunnelling.

Conclusions:

The developed method precisely determines electron tunnelling exit times.
This technique is essential for advancing attosecond experiments and understanding ultrafast dynamics.
Offers a general tool for time-resolving complex electronic rearrangements in atoms and molecules.