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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Social Psychology and Individual Behavior01:29

Social Psychology and Individual Behavior

Social psychology examines how group dynamics, emotions, and cultural influences shape individual actions and decision-making. These elements interact to form behavioral patterns that affect personal choices and social interactions.The Role of Group DynamicsGroups play a crucial role in shaping behavior by reinforcing norms and expectations. Individuals derive a sense of self from group membership, often aligning their behaviors with group norms to maintain social cohesion. For example, an...
Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

How decisions emerge: action dynamics in intertemporal decision making.

Maja Dshemuchadse1, Stefan Scherbaum, Thomas Goschke

  • 1Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. maja@psychologie.tu-dresden.de

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|May 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

People often choose smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later ones. Mouse movement analysis reveals this intertemporal decision-making involves overcoming immediate gratification, impacting value perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Intertemporal decision-making is characterized by a preference for smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later ones.
  • Existing models often focus on mathematical descriptions of temporal discounting, neglecting the underlying decision dynamics.
  • Attributed causes include lack of self-control, nonlinear time perception, and other factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of intertemporal decisions.
  • To explore the dynamics of the choice action process.
  • To investigate how framing affects value weighting in temporal choices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel combination of continuously recorded mouse movements and multiple regression analysis.
  • Participants made choices between sooner/smaller and later/larger hypothetical rewards.
  • Mouse cursor trajectories were analyzed to infer decision-making processes.

Main Results:

  • Less direct mouse movements were observed when choosing larger, later rewards, suggesting a need to overcome the pull of the sooner option.
  • Different framing of time information influenced the weighting of reward value.
  • Mouse movement dynamics provide a continuous, process-oriented view of intertemporal choice.

Conclusions:

  • A process-oriented approach, analyzing action dynamics, offers a more comprehensive understanding of intertemporal choice than solely fitting discounting functions.
  • The study highlights the cognitive effort involved in delaying gratification.
  • Findings suggest that temporal framing significantly modulates decision-making processes.