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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession, and the angular frequency...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

On the alignment for precession electron diffraction.

Yifeng Liao1, Laurence D Marks

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. yifeng-liao@northwestern.edu

Ultramicroscopy
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precise alignment of the electron beam

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Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

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High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
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High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

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Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
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High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Precession electron diffraction (PED) is increasingly used for solving crystallographic structures.
  • PED offers an alternative to conventional diffraction methods.
  • Accurate pivot point alignment is crucial for PED but challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the critical issue of pivot point alignment in precession electron diffraction.
  • To propose a practical alignment procedure to minimize beam wandering.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on silicon and alloy samples.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the impact of precession tilt angle and field misalignment on image plane shifts.
  • Identifying the pre-field optic axis as the key for stationary electron illumination.
  • Developing and applying a practical alignment procedure focused on minimizing beam wandering.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that aligning the beam to the pre-field optic axis ensures stationary electron illumination during rocking.
  • Successfully applied the alignment procedure to a (110)-oriented silicon single crystal.
  • Validated the method on a small (∼20nm) carbide phase within a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy.

Conclusions:

  • A practical alignment procedure for precession electron diffraction is presented.
  • This method ensures stationary electron illumination, crucial for accurate crystallographic analysis.
  • The technique is effective for both single crystals and nanoscale phases in alloys.