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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Ionic liquid/water mixtures: from hostility to conciliation.

Yuki Kohno1, Hiroyuki Ohno

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Water

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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
10:03

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Published on: September 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Water was historically challenging for analyzing ionic liquids (ILs).
  • Ionic liquids can be functionalized by altering ion structures or mixing with other components, including water.
  • Water is now a key component for tuning IL properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on the properties of ionic liquid/water mixtures.
  • To analyze the relationship between phase behavior and ion hydration state.
  • To explore the application of IL/water mixtures in separation processes.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated phase behavior of ionic liquid/water mixtures.
  • Analyzed the influence of ion hydrophilicity on phase separation.
  • Examined the effect of temperature on dynamic phase changes.

Main Results:

  • Phase separation in IL/water mixtures is governed by ion hydrophilicity.
  • Hydrophilic ions lead to water miscibility; hydrophobic ions lead to stable phase separation.
  • Ionic liquids with >7 water molecules per ion pair exhibit temperature-dependent dynamic phase changes.

Conclusions:

  • Ion hydrophilicity dictates phase behavior in IL/water mixtures.
  • Dynamic phase changes in IL/water systems are temperature-dependent.
  • IL/water mixtures show potential for separating water-soluble proteins.