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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

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Surgical Technique for Spinal Cord Delivery of Therapies: Demonstration of Procedure in Gottingen Minipigs
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Published on: December 7, 2012

Controlled delivery for neuro-bionic devices.

Zhilian Yue1, Simon E Moulton, Mark Cook

  • 1ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlled delivery strategies enhance neuro-bionic implants by minimizing tissue response and promoting nerve growth for stable neural communication. This overview covers key methods for improved implantable electrode function.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Surgical Technique for Spinal Cord Delivery of Therapies: Demonstration of Procedure in Gottingen Minipigs
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09:14

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Implantable electrodes are crucial for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, interfacing directly with the human body.
  • Stable, long-term function of these electrodes is often limited by cellular and tissue responses at the implant site.
  • Effective electrode-neural communication requires strategies to ensure chronic stability and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of controlled delivery strategies in neuro-bionics.
  • To highlight methods for minimizing adverse tissue reactions to implanted electrodes.
  • To discuss techniques that promote nerve preservation and outgrowth towards electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of controlled delivery strategies for bioactive molecules.
  • Analysis of drug-eluting bioactive coatings.
  • Examination of organic conductive polymers for controlled release.
  • Investigation of integrated microfabricated drug delivery channels.

Main Results:

  • Controlled delivery of bioactive molecules can significantly minimize reactive cellular and tissue responses.
  • These strategies are effective in promoting nerve preservation and encouraging neurite outgrowth towards implanted electrodes.
  • Successful implementation of these methods is integral to achieving chronically stable and effective electrode-neural communication.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled delivery systems are essential for optimizing the performance and longevity of neuro-bionic implants.
  • Minimizing foreign body response and enhancing neural integration are key benefits of these advanced strategies.
  • Future neuro-bionic device development should focus on integrating sophisticated controlled release mechanisms for improved therapeutic outcomes.