Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2026

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
Published on: June 24, 2013
Demonstration of images with negative group velocities
Ryan T Glasser1, Ulrich Vogl, Paul D Lett
1Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA. rglasser@nist.gov
Abstract:
We report the experimental demonstration of the superluminal propagation of multi-spatial-mode images via four-wave mixing in hot atomic vapor, in which all spatial sub-regions propagate with negative group velocities. We investigate the spatial mode properties and temporal reshaping of the fast light images, and show large relative pulse peak advancements of up to 64 % of the input pulse width. The degree of temporal reshaping is quantified and increases as the relative pulse peak advancement increases. When optimized for image quality or pulse advancement, negative group velocities of up to v(g)=-c/880 and v(g)=-c/2180, respectively, are demonstrated when integrating temporally over the entire image. The present results are applicable to temporal cloaking devices that require strong manipulation of the dispersion relation, where one can envision temporally cloaking various spatial regions of an image for different durations. Additionally, the modes involved in a four-wave mixing process similar to the present experiment have been shown to exhibit quantum correlations and entanglement. The results presented here provide insight into how to tailor experimental tests of the behavior of these quantum correlations and entanglement in the superluminal regime.
Related Concept Videos
Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions
Instantaneous Center of Zero Velocity
To analyze this, consider two points on the wheel: point A and point B. The absolute velocity of point B can be expressed as the vector sum of the absolute velocity of point A and the relative velocity of point B with respect to point A. To simplify this analysis,...
Instantaneous Velocity - II
Relative Velocity in One Dimension
Distribution of Molecular Speeds

