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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...

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Updated: May 20, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

DNA methylation and its basic function.

Lisa D Moore1, Thuc Le, Guoping Fan

  • 1Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation, an epigenetic process, regulates gene expression in the nervous system. Altered DNA methylation patterns are linked to cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism in mammals, involving the addition of methyl groups to cytosine, forming 5-methylcytosine.
  • This process regulates gene expression by influencing protein recruitment for gene repression or blocking transcription factor binding.
  • Dynamic changes in DNA methylation patterns occur during development, establishing tissue-specific gene transcription in differentiated cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review DNA methylation and demethylation processes within the nervous system.
  • To describe the molecular machinery involved in DNA (de)methylation and its interplay with other epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To explore the role of neuronal activity in modulating DNA methylation patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA methylation and demethylation in the nervous system.
  • Description of the molecular components of the DNA (de)methylation machinery.
  • Discussion of the association between DNA methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms like histone modifications and noncoding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Postmitotic neurons express DNA methyltransferases and demethylation machinery, indicating ongoing epigenetic regulation.
  • Neuronal activity can dynamically alter DNA methylation patterns in response to stimuli.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation, due to mutations or environmental factors, is associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Precise regulation of DNA methylation is critical for normal cognitive function.
  • The study of DNA methylation in the central nervous system reveals complex epigenetic gene regulation.
  • Dysregulation of DNA methylation offers potential therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders.