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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...

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Dysphonia in children.

Regina Helena Garcia Martins1, Caio Bosquê Hidalgo Ribeiro, Bruno Marcos Zeponi Fernandes de Mello

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. martins@fmb.unesp.br

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric vocal symptoms, often from vocal abuse, are diagnosed via laryngoscopy. This study found vocal nodules and cysts to be the most common laryngeal lesions in children with dysphonia.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Vocal symptoms are prevalent in children, frequently stemming from vocal abuse.
  • Laryngoscopy is crucial for diagnosing laryngeal lesions and guiding treatment in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation and laryngoscopic findings in a cohort of dysphonic children.
  • To identify common laryngeal lesions and associated symptoms in pediatric dysphonia.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire was administered to parents of 304 children (aged 4-18) with prolonged hoarseness.
  • All participants underwent videolaryngostroboscopy for laryngeal examination.

Main Results:

  • Dysphonia was most common in males aged 7-12 years (64%).
  • Vocal abuse was the leading cause (n=162), followed by nasal obstruction symptoms (n=10).
  • Vocal nodules (n=175) and epidermal cysts (n=47) were the most frequent diagnoses; chronic symptoms (>1 year) were reported by most parents (n=200).

Conclusions:

  • Dysphonia in children predominantly affects males aged 7-12 years.
  • Vocal abuse and nasal obstruction are frequently reported associated symptoms.
  • Vocal nodules and cysts are the most common laryngeal lesions identified through laryngoscopy.