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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Live Cell Imaging of Alphaherpes Virus Anterograde Transport and Spread
15:31

Live Cell Imaging of Alphaherpes Virus Anterograde Transport and Spread

Published on: August 16, 2013

Herpesviruses exploit several host compartments for envelopment.

Daniel Henaff1, Kerstin Radtke, Roger Lippé

  • 1Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpesviruses acquire their envelopes through diverse intracellular pathways. This review explores how different herpesviruses utilize cellular compartments for final envelopment, revealing commonalities and dynamic interactions.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Alphaherpes Virus Anterograde Transport and Spread
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Published on: August 16, 2013

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

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Published on: October 7, 2011

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
11:56

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Enveloped viruses, including herpesviruses, obtain their outer membrane from host cell compartments during replication.
  • Herpesviruses exhibit complex replication cycles involving multiple budding and fusion events.
  • While herpesvirus life cycles are generally conserved, the specific sites of final envelope acquisition appear to vary among different herpesvirus species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in identifying cellular compartments involved in the final envelopment of herpes virions.
  • To analyze shared features between seemingly distinct herpesvirus envelopment pathways.
  • To emphasize the dynamic role of intracellular compartments during herpesvirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on herpesvirus envelopment.
  • Comparative analysis of cellular compartments implicated in herpesvirus maturation.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying herpesvirus-host cell interactions during envelopment.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests herpes simplex virus may bud into pre-existing intracellular compartments.
  • Cytomegalovirus, in contrast, might acquire its envelope from a unique virus-induced assembly compartment.
  • Commonalities exist in herpesvirus envelopment pathways, despite apparent differences in compartment utilization.

Conclusions:

  • The final envelopment of herpesviruses involves a dynamic interplay with host cell intracellular compartments.
  • Understanding these diverse envelopment strategies is crucial for comprehending herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis.
  • Further research into the specific cellular compartments and mechanisms is needed to fully elucidate herpesvirus maturation.