Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
Published on: May 25, 2021
Storage stability studies for tributyltin determination in human urine samples using headspace solid-phase
G A Zachariadis1, N M Tzollas, M Nikolaou
1Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. zacharia@chem.auth.gr
Abstract:
A headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method was employed in order to study the effect of storage conditions of human urine samples spiked with tributyltin (TBT) using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. To render the analyte more volatile, the derivatization (ethylation) was made in situ by sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt(4) ), which was added directly to dilute unpreserved urine samples and in buffers of similar acidity. The stability of TBT in human urine matrix was compared with the stability of TBT in buffer solutions of similar pH value. Critical parameters of storage conditions such as temperature and time, which affect the stability of TBT in this kind of matrix, were examined extensively. The tests showed that the stability of TBT remains practically satisfactory for a maximum of 2 days of storage either at +4 or 20°C. Greater variations were observed in the concentration of TBT in human urine samples at +4°C and lower ones at -20°C over a month's storage. The freeze-thaw cycles have negative effect on the stability and should be kept to a minimum. The results from spiked urine samples are also discussed in comparison to those acquired from buffer solutions of equal TBT concentration.
