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Different aspects of virus persistence (review)
N Barnabishvili1, T Topuria, P Gamtsemlidze
1Tbilisi State Medical University, Institute Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Virus persistence, a key evolutionary strategy, allows viruses like HIV to evade immune responses by infecting host cells. This chronic infection often results from immune system imbalance and viral adaptation.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Virus persistence is an evolved trait crucial for viral species survival.
- Numerous viruses, including measles, hepatitis B/C, herpes, retroviruses, and HIV, exhibit persistence in humans.
- Viral persistence involves evading host immune system control, prioritizing infected cell survival over free virus elimination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted aspects of virus persistence in the human host.
- To explore the evolutionary significance and mechanisms of viral persistence.
- To understand the interplay between host and virus in establishing chronic infections.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of viral persistence mechanisms.
- Analysis of viral strategies for immune evasion.
- Examination of host-pathogen interactions in chronic viral infections.
Main Results:
- Viral persistence relies on escaping immune surveillance and maintaining infected cells.
- Host permissiveness and viral pathogenicity influence infection outcomes.
- Immune system imbalance, particularly virus-induced changes in immunocompetent cells, plays a critical role in chronic persistence.
Conclusions:
- Virus persistence is a complex evolutionary adaptation essential for viral survival.
- Effective viral persistence hinges on immune evasion and host cell manipulation.
- Understanding immune system disbalance is key to comprehending chronic viral infections.
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