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Updated: May 19, 2026

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Published on: February 14, 2025
Tumor oxygen measurements and personalized medicine
Paul Okunieff1, Walter O'Dell2, Mei Zhang2
1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, 103633, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. pokunieff@ufl.edu.
Abstract:
Tumor hypoxia is probably the most important not yet measurable factor that predicts the outcome of cancer therapy. Hypoxic tumors are resistant to radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. They signal tumor cells to grow, invade, survive cytotoxic-factor assault, and increase metastatic activity. Therapies aimed at reversing hypoxia-related treatment resistance or normalizing hypoxia are proven effective with level 1 evidence. The weak link remains the lack of satisfactory methods of measurement of tumor oxygenation.
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