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Related Concept Videos

The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
09:39

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

Three-dimensional airway tree architecture and pulmonary function.

Jiantao Pu1, Joseph K Leader, Xin Meng

  • 1University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, PA 15213, USA. puj@upmc.edu

Academic Radiology
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Airway tree architecture, measured using computed tomography, significantly correlates with pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity. These findings highlight the link between airway structure and lung health.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The airway tree's morphology influences airflow and pulmonary function.
  • Understanding airway architecture is crucial for assessing lung health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between airway tree architecture, visualized via computed tomography (CT), and pulmonary function.
  • To assess the relationship between CT-derived airway measures and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity.

Main Methods:

  • 548 chest CT scans from COPD patients were analyzed.
  • An automated algorithm segmented the 3D airway tree.
  • Volume-normalized architectural measures (e.g., airway length, branch count) were computed.
  • Spearman's rank correlations assessed associations with pulmonary function tests and COPD severity.

Main Results:

  • Non-normalized airway volume and trachea length correlated with lung capacity measures.
  • Normalized airway measures (volume, length, branch count) significantly associated with lung function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC).
  • Adjusted airway volume and branch count correlated with respiratory impedance measures.
  • All normalized airway measures were significantly associated with COPD severity.

Conclusions:

  • Airway tree architecture, despite inter-subject variability, shows significant associations with pulmonary function tests.
  • CT-derived airway measures are linked to lung function and COPD severity.
  • Architectural analysis of the airway tree offers valuable insights into respiratory health.