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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
10:02

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

Sensing distant nuclear spins with a single electron spin.

Shimon Kolkowitz1, Quirin P Unterreithmeier, Steven D Bennett

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used a single electron spin to measure distant nuclear spins within a spin bath. This quantum sensing technique allows monitoring of individual 13C nuclear spins in diamond, with applications in nanoscale MRI and quantum computing.

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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
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12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum sensing

Background:

  • Measuring individual nuclear spins in a complex spin bath is challenging.
  • Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum sensors.
  • Weakly coupled spins are difficult to isolate and monitor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a method for measuring quantum dynamics of distant nuclear spins using a single electron spin.
  • To isolate and monitor individual nuclear spins weakly coupled to an electron spin.
  • To explore applications in nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging and quantum information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing coherent control of a single electron spin.
  • Employing nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond as probes.
  • Detecting the evolution of individual 13C nuclear spins with hyperfine couplings significantly below the electron spin dephasing rate.

Main Results:

  • Experimental demonstration of measuring quantum dynamics of distant nuclear spins.
  • Successful isolation and monitoring of weakly coupled nuclear spins.
  • Achieved detection of 13C nuclear spin evolution with hyperfine couplings 8 times below the electron spin bare dephasing rate.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique enables sensitive measurement of nuclear spin dynamics.
  • This method offers a pathway for high-resolution nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging.
  • Potential for advancements in quantum information processing and quantum simulation.