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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

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Isolation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Guinea Pig Eyes
05:06

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Published on: May 9, 2023

Eye development and retinogenesis.

Whitney Heavner1, Larysa Pevny

  • 1UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|October 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian eye development involves three embryonic tissues and key transcription factors. Understanding these processes reveals insights into cell fate specification and congenital ocular malformations.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The mammalian eye forms from neural ectoderm, surface ectoderm, and periocular mesenchyme.
  • The developing eye is a model system for studying cell fate specification and gene interactions.
  • Understanding eye development is crucial for addressing congenital ocular malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe eye primordium specification by eye field transcription factors.
  • To explain optic vesicle regionalization and tissue differentiation.
  • To outline signaling networks, cell movements, and progenitor cell differentiation in retinal development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on eye development.
  • Analysis of gene function in ocular malformations.
  • Description of cellular therapeutics for degenerative eye diseases.

Main Results:

  • Eye primordium specification involves four eye field transcription factors.
  • Optic vesicle regionalization yields distinct tissue types through cell crosstalk.
  • Signaling networks and cell movements establish axes and cell fates in the optic cup.
  • Multipotent retinal progenitor cells differentiate into retinal neurons and glia.
  • Gene function disruption leads to human ocular malformations.

Conclusions:

  • The developing eye provides insights into mammalian development and cell fate specification.
  • Disruption of gene function is linked to congenital ocular malformations.
  • Cellular therapeutics offer potential for treating degenerative eye diseases.