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Related Concept Videos

Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Induction01:16

Induction

An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
A...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

Vortex induction via anisotropy stabilized light-matter interaction.

R Barboza1, U Bortolozzo, G Assanto

  • 1INLN, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 1361 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.

Physical Review Letters
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created stable, localized matter vortices in liquid crystals using polarized light. These optical vortices exhibit dual light-matter properties and conserve angular momentum, offering new insights into light-matter interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Optics

Background:

  • Nematic liquid crystals exhibit unique optical and material properties.
  • Controlling light-matter interactions is crucial for advanced optical technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the local induction and stabilization of matter vortices in liquid crystals.
  • To explore the light-matter duality and topological charge properties of these induced vortices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing circularly polarized light beams incident on a homeotropic nematic liquid crystal cell with a photosensitive wall.
  • Observing and analyzing the spontaneous formation and stability of matter vortices.
  • Theoretically modeling the self-stabilizing mechanism involving light-induced gradients and elastic anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • Successfully induced stable, spatially localized matter vortices in the liquid crystal.
  • Demonstrated the creation of optical vortices with opposite topological charges from a single defect.
  • Identified a theoretical self-stabilizing mechanism for the matter vortices.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a method for creating controllable matter vortices in liquid crystals.
  • The findings highlight the interplay between light, matter, and topological defects.
  • This research opens avenues for novel optical devices and fundamental physics explorations.