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Sleep spindles are locally modulated by training on a brain-computer interface.

Lise A Johnson¹, Tim Blakely, Dora Hermes

¹University of Washington, Department of Neurological Surgery, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. liseaj@uw.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 24, 2012

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Sleep spindles enhance motor learning by promoting synaptic plasticity. This study shows increased spindle activity in specific brain regions after learning a motor task using a brain-computer interface, supporting sleep's role in skill acquisition.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Sleep Research
Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

Sleep is known to improve motor task learning.
Sleep spindles are hypothesized to facilitate motor learning through synaptic plasticity.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a novel way to study motor learning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of sleep spindles in learning to control a motor-based brain-computer interface.
To determine if sleep spindle activity changes spatially in response to learning a novel motor task.

Main Methods:

Subjects with electrocorticography (ECoG) arrays for epilepsy monitoring were trained to control a cursor using a BCI.
Motor task involved modulating high-gamma or mu/beta power at a specific electrode in the motor/premotor cortex.

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Spindle density was compared between pre-training and post-training sleep periods.

Main Results:

All trained subjects showed increased spindle density in post-training sleep compared to pre-training sleep.
The increase in spindle density was spatially specific, correlating with the brain regions involved in task learning.
This spatially specific increase supports the hypothesis that sleep spindles are involved in motor learning.

Conclusions:

Sleep spindles play a crucial role in the consolidation of motor skills learned via brain-computer interfaces.
The findings demonstrate a direct link between sleep spindle activity and the neural plasticity underlying motor learning.
This research supports the use of sleep spindle modulation as a potential strategy to enhance BCI-based motor rehabilitation.