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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
09:03

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management

Published on: March 28, 2025

[Pain pathway].

Koji Inui1

  • 1Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noxious stimuli activate specific nerve fibers, leading to pain signals through two main pathways in the spinal cord. This review explores how these nociceptive pathways contribute to pain perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain research

Context:

  • Nociceptive neurons identified in dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, thalamus, and cerebral cortex since 1967.
  • Two primary nociceptive pathways identified in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord: nociceptive specific (lamina I) and wide dynamic range (lamina V) neurons.

Purpose:

  • To review and consider the roles of identified nociceptive pathways in pain perception.
  • To investigate the contribution of specific neuronal structures within the nociceptive pathway to the experience of pain.

Summary:

  • Nerve fibers responding to noxious stimuli were discovered in 1967.
  • Studies confirm nociceptive neurons in various central and peripheral nervous system locations.
  • The precise functions of the two main spinal cord nociceptive pathways remain largely undetermined.

Impact:

  • This review aims to clarify the functional significance of distinct nociceptive pathways.
  • Understanding these pathways could lead to more targeted pain management strategies.
  • Provides a foundation for future research into the neurobiology of pain.