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Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:29

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
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Microbial Morphologies

Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

In situ TEM of Biological Assemblies in Liquid
08:28

In situ TEM of Biological Assemblies in Liquid

Published on: December 30, 2013

Visualizing viral assemblies in a nanoscale biosphere.

Brian L Gilmore1, Shannon P Showalter, Madeline J Dukes

  • 1Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA.

Lab on a Chip
|December 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new microfluidic device, a nanoscale biosphere, for high-resolution imaging of biological molecules like rotavirus. This technology enables 3D visualization of macromolecules in solution using transmission electron microscopy.

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Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

In situ TEM of Biological Assemblies in Liquid
08:28

In situ TEM of Biological Assemblies in Liquid

Published on: December 30, 2013

Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice
08:31

Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
09:47

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

Published on: March 1, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • High-resolution imaging of biological assemblies is crucial for understanding molecular mechanisms.
  • Existing methods often struggle to maintain biological samples in their native liquid state during electron microscopy.
  • Rotavirus double-layered particles (DLPs) are important viral structures requiring advanced imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel microfluidic platform for high-resolution imaging of biological assemblies.
  • To demonstrate the capability of this platform to maintain and visualize rotavirus DLPs in a liquid environment.
  • To enable the determination of macromolecular structures in solution using transmission electron microscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering a functionalized microfluidic chamber acting as a "nanoscale biosphere".
  • Integrating the chamber into a transmission electron microscope column, isolated from the vacuum system.
  • Utilizing the platform for high-resolution imaging and 3D reconstruction of biological complexes.

Main Results:

  • Successful capture and maintenance of rotavirus DLPs within the microfluidic chamber in a liquid environment.
  • Achieved nanometer-resolution imaging of biological complexes within a self-contained vessel.
  • Generated the first 3D view of macromolecules in solution using the developed technology.

Conclusions:

  • The novel microfluidic platform, termed in situ molecular microscopy, offers a powerful tool for high-resolution structural analysis of biological assemblies.
  • This technology overcomes limitations of traditional electron microscopy by enabling imaging in a native liquid state.
  • In situ molecular microscopy opens new avenues for visualizing and understanding complex biological structures at the nanoscale.