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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh
10:52

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Published on: September 11, 2021

Internal hernias: a brief review.

O Salar1, A M El-Sharkawy, R Singh

  • 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter New Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK. elsharkawyam@gmail.com

Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and Abdominal Wall Surgery
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews internal hernias, a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. It educates surgical trainees on the anatomy and clinical features of these uncommon abdominal hernias.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

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Area of Science:

  • Abdominal Surgery
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Gastrointestinal Tract

Background:

  • Hernias are common surgical presentations, often visible as lumps with characteristic clinical histories.
  • Internal hernias are a less common cause of abdominal issues, distinct from more frequent ventral and inguinal hernias.
  • They represent the third leading cause of small bowel obstruction in developed nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide core surgical trainees with essential knowledge on internal hernias.
  • To detail the anatomy of various internal abdominal hernia types.
  • To highlight the distinguishing clinical features for accurate diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical structures and their potential for herniation.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations associated with internal hernias.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic criteria for surgical trainees.

Main Results:

  • Internal hernias, though rare, are critical to recognize due to their association with small bowel obstruction.
  • Understanding specific anatomical pathways is key to identifying internal hernias.
  • Distinct clinical signs aid in differentiating internal hernias from external types.

Conclusions:

  • Internal hernias require focused study for surgical trainees.
  • Accurate anatomical knowledge and clinical assessment are paramount for managing these rare hernias.
  • Early recognition improves patient outcomes for small bowel obstruction caused by internal hernias.