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Related Concept Videos

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

OPTN/SRTR 2011 Annual Data Report: lung.

M Valapour1, K Paulson, J M Smith

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|December 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung Allocation Score (LAS) implementation led to increased wait-list additions and mortality, but also improved graft survival. Pediatric lung transplant wait-lists have declined, with ongoing improvements in survival rates.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology and Transplant Medicine
  • Public Health Policy
  • Organ Allocation Systems

Background:

  • The Lung Allocation Score (LAS) was implemented to optimize lung transplant candidate allocation.
  • Post-LAS, there has been a notable increase in wait-list additions, particularly among older adults.
  • Transplant and donation rates have not matched the pace of increasing wait-list additions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in lung transplant wait-list dynamics and outcomes following LAS implementation.
  • To evaluate changes in wait-list mortality and graft/patient survival rates.
  • To assess pediatric lung transplant trends and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national lung transplant wait-list data.
  • Comparison of pre- and post-LAS implementation metrics.
  • Evaluation of graft and patient survival rates over a decade.

Main Results:

  • Wait-list additions increased significantly post-LAS, with older adults (≥65 years) showing the fastest growth.
  • Wait-list mortality rose to 15.7 per 100 wait-list years in 2011.
  • Short- and long-term graft survival improved, with 10-year graft failure reaching an all-time low.
  • Pediatric wait-list additions declined, and pediatric lung transplants showed improved survival rates.

Conclusions:

  • While LAS improved graft survival, it coincided with increased wait-list additions and mortality.
  • Pediatric lung transplant wait-lists have decreased, with continued improvements in survival.
  • Post-transplant complications remain a concern for both adult and pediatric recipients.