A brief history of arteriovenous malformation radiosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery was first described by Leksell in Stockholm, Sweden in 1951. In 1967, Leksell introduced the 'Gamma Knife' for clinical use in carefully selected patients. A major role for radiosurgery further emerged in 1972 after its application for brain arteriovenous malformations. Radiosurgery was initially used for high risk or deep seated AVMs that were unsuitable for resection or embolization. Several additional pioneers contributed towards its continued development. Stereotactic radiosurgery is now considered as an important option for patients with brain vascular malformations, including AVMs, cavernous malformations, and dural AV fistulas.