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Updated: May 15, 2026

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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
Published on: August 24, 2017
Comparing two methods of delivering neuropsychological feedback.
Robert R Fallows1, Robin C Hilsabeck
1Psychology Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Summary
Supplementing oral feedback with written information in neuropsychology improves patient recall of recommendations. Patients preferred receiving both oral and written feedback for better information retention.
Area of Science:
- Neuropsychology
- Health Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Limited research exists on feedback methods in neuropsychology.
- Oral feedback is common, but its retention can be a challenge.
- Improving patient adherence to recommendations is crucial for better outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if written information enhances recall of neuropsychological feedback.
- To determine if combined oral and written feedback improves adherence to recommendations.
- To assess patient preferences for feedback delivery methods.
Main Methods:
- Seventy-two veterans were randomized into two groups: oral feedback only or oral feedback with written information.
- Participants were interviewed immediately after feedback and again one month later via phone.
- Univariate analyses were used to compare recall and adherence between groups.
Main Results:
- The group receiving written information recalled more recommendations at the one-month follow-up.
- No significant differences were found in recall of diagnostic information between the groups.
- There were no differences in the number of recommendations attempted by participants in either group.
Conclusions:
- Supplemental written information significantly improves recall of recommendations in neuropsychology.
- Patients prefer receiving written information alongside oral feedback.
- Integrating written materials can enhance the effectiveness of feedback delivery in clinical practice.
