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Related Concept Videos

Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field01:17

The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field

The principle of superposition applies to gravitational forces of objects that are sufficiently far apart. It states that the net gravitational force on a point object is the vector sum of the gravitational forces on it due to various objects. The principle helps calculate the force by listing the individual forces and then vectorially summing them up. However, it should be noted that the principle of superposition is not always apparent. In the presence of a second force, the first force could...
Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses01:14

Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses

The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
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Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects01:07

Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects

Consider a system comprising several point masses. The coordinates of the center of mass for this system can be expressed as the summation of the product of each mass and its position vector divided by the total mass:

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Screening modifications of gravity through disformally coupled fields.

Tomi S Koivisto1, David F Mota, Miguel Zumalacárregui

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.

Physical Review Letters
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extensions to general relativity with a strongly coupled scalar field are viable if the interaction is nonconformal. This disformal coupling is screened in the Solar System but drives cosmic acceleration and impacts large-scale structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology and astrophysics
  • Theoretical physics
  • General relativity

Background:

  • Investigating extensions to general relativity is crucial for understanding cosmic acceleration.
  • Scalar fields are common in modified gravity theories, but their interactions need careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the viability of extensions to general relativity featuring strongly coupled scalar fields.
  • To analyze the cosmological implications of nonconformal disformal coupling, including cosmic acceleration and structure formation.
  • To introduce and explain the disformal screening mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of scalar-field extensions to general relativity with nonconformal interactions.
  • Cosmological simulations to study the impact on background expansion and large-scale structure.
  • Analysis of observational data to constrain model parameters.

Main Results:

  • Extensions with nonconformal disformal coupling are viable and can explain cosmic acceleration.
  • The disformal screening mechanism renders the coupling locally undetectable in the Solar System.
  • The model shows a good fit to background cosmological data and predicts observable signatures in large-scale structure formation.

Conclusions:

  • Nonconformal disformal coupling offers a viable alternative for explaining cosmic acceleration within modified gravity.
  • The disformal screening mechanism successfully reconciles cosmological observations with Solar System tests.
  • Future observations of large-scale structure can potentially probe and confirm these scalar-field couplings.