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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Quantum phase transition in a clean two-dimensional electron system.

T R Kirkpatrick1, D Belitz

  • 1Institute for Physical Science and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers analyzed a quantum phase transition in silicon transistors. This transition shows a diverging thermopower, potentially indicating a shift from Fermi liquid to non-Fermi-liquid states.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • A recent quantum phase transition was observed in high-mobility silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.
  • Understanding such transitions is crucial for developing novel electronic devices and comprehending fundamental physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the observed quantum phase transition using scaling theory.
  • To investigate the critical behavior of thermopower and other observables.
  • To explore the potential realization of a Fermi liquid to non-Fermi-liquid state transition.

Main Methods:

  • Application of scaling theory to analyze the quantum phase transition.
  • Examination of the thermopower divergence and its relationship to electron density.
  • Theoretical exploration of critical phenomena and state transitions.

Main Results:

  • The thermopower exhibits a divergence following an inverse linear law as the critical electron density is approached.
  • Scaling theory provides predictions for the critical behavior of other physical quantities, such as specific heat.
  • The transition may represent a shift from a Fermi liquid to a non-Fermi-liquid state.

Conclusions:

  • The observed quantum phase transition in silicon transistors can be effectively described by scaling theory.
  • The diverging thermopower is a key characteristic, suggesting unique electronic properties near the critical point.
  • Further investigation is warranted to confirm the transition to a non-Fermi-liquid state, with implications for condensed matter physics.