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Large-area Scanning Probe Nanolithography Facilitated by Automated Alignment and Its Application to Substrate Fabrication for Cell Culture Studies
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Full alignment of colloidal objects by programed forcing.

Brian Moths1, T A Witten

  • 1Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. bmoths@uchicago.edu

Physical Review Letters
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate two methods to achieve complete orientational alignment of colloidal objects in fluid. Programed forcing, like alternating fields or rotating fields, overcomes random phase disorder for controlled alignment.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Colloidal objects in fluid can be partially aligned by sedimentation or electrophoresis.
  • Partial alignment often results in random rotational phases, limiting control.
  • Achieving complete orientational alignment requires overcoming this phase disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate two novel methods for achieving complete orientational alignment of identical asymmetric colloidal objects.
  • To overcome the phase disorder inherent in partial alignment methods.
  • To identify conditions and limitations for aligning a broad class of generic objects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis and simulation of colloidal object behavior in fluid.
  • Application of programed forcing techniques, including alternating and rotating fields.
  • Investigating the effects of field manipulation on orientational order and phase locking.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that alternating the forcing direction between two states reduces orientational entropy.
  • Showed that adding a small rotating component to the applied field induces phase locking.
  • Identified conditions applicable to a broad range of generic asymmetric colloidal objects.

Conclusions:

  • Complete orientational alignment of colloidal objects is achievable through specific programed forcing strategies.
  • Alternating and rotating fields offer distinct mechanisms to eliminate phase disorder.
  • The findings have implications for controlling colloidal assembly and behavior.