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The Oral Microbiota

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

A defined-multispecies microbial model for studying enamel caries development.

R A Arthur¹, R A Waeiss, A T Hara

¹Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind., USA.

Caries Research

|March 1, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study validated an in vitro biofilm model for dental caries, showing fluoride and calcium effectively inhibit caries progression. Sucrose concentration impacted caries only at low fluoride levels.

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Use of a High-throughput In Vitro Microfluidic System to Develop Oral Multi-species Biofilms

Use of a High-throughput In Vitro Microfluidic System to Develop Oral Multi-species Biofilms

Published on: December 1, 2014

Area of Science:

Oral microbiology and dentistry
Biomaterials science
Dental caries research

Background:

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease driven by microbial acid production.
In vitro models are crucial for understanding caries mechanisms and testing interventions.
Existing models require validation for accurately reflecting cariogenic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a multispecies in vitro biofilm model for studying dental caries.
To assess the impact of varying sucrose, fluoride, and calcium concentrations on biofilm formation and enamel demineralization.
To correlate in vitro findings with known clinical observations of caries inhibition.

Main Methods:

Cultivation of defined multispecies biofilms (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus mutans, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis) on enamel slabs.
Exposure to different concentrations of sucrose, fluoride (F), and calcium (Ca).
Assessment of viable cell counts, surface microhardness change (%SMC), lesion depth (LD), and integrated mineral loss (IML) after 4 days.

Main Results:

Biofilm cell counts were significantly influenced by sucrose, fluoride, and calcium.
Increased fluoride and calcium concentrations led to decreased %SMC, IML, and LD.
A negative correlation was observed between enamel demineralization markers and fluoride/calcium levels.

Conclusions:

The validated in vitro model effectively demonstrates caries inhibition by fluoride and calcium.
Findings align with clinical evidence regarding the protective effects of fluoride and calcium.
Sucrose's cariogenic effect was modulated by fluoride concentration in this model.