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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Quantum spintronics: engineering and manipulating atom-like spins in semiconductors.

David D Awschalom1, Lee C Bassett, Andrew S Dzurak

  • 1Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. awsch@physics.ucsb.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Quantum control in semiconductors has advanced significantly, achieving room-temperature operation and electron spin coherence times exceeding seconds. This breakthrough enables ultracoherent spintronics, rivaling atomic systems for quantum information processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum information science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Significant progress in isolating and controlling quantum coherence using charges and spins in semiconductors over the past decade.
  • Established quantum control at room temperature, a critical milestone for practical applications.
  • Electron spin coherence times have increased by nine orders of magnitude, now exceeding several seconds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in quantum measurements, coherent control, and entangled state generation in semiconductor spintronics.
  • To highlight the development of ultracoherent spintronics, comparable to atomic systems.
  • To identify remaining challenges in processing quantum information using semiconductor spins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental techniques for isolating and controlling quantum coherence in semiconductor systems.
  • Analysis of advancements in room-temperature quantum control methodologies.
  • Examination of methods for generating entangled states using electron spins.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of electron spin coherence times exceeding several seconds at room temperature.
  • Achieved a nine-order-of-magnitude increase in coherence times compared to early semiconductor qubits.
  • Established coherence times rivaling those in traditional atomic systems.

Conclusions:

  • The advancements pave the way for a new era of ultracoherent spintronics.
  • Semiconductor-based quantum information processing is becoming increasingly viable.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in quantum information processing with spins.