[Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicle].

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Regenerative Medicine
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) release microvesicles (MSC-MV), including microparticles and exosomes.
• MSC-MV selectively package bioactive molecules like lipids, proteins, mRNA, and miRNA.
• These vesicles are released by MSCs in both resting and activated states.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the generation, composition, and functions of MSC-derived microvesicles.
• To highlight the therapeutic potential of MSC-MV in tissue repair and regeneration.
• To explore the role of miRNA in MSC-MV-mediated effects.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on MSC-MV generation and characterization.
• Analysis of studies investigating MSC-MV content and release mechanisms.
• Synthesis of research on MSC-MV functions in tissue injury and immune modulation.

Main Results:

• MSC-MV exhibit significant potential in reducing tissue damage.
• They promote morphological and functional recovery of injured tissues.
• miRNA likely mediates the therapeutic effects of MSC-MV, which also influence immune responses and cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

• MSC-MV are key mediators of MSC therapeutic effects, particularly in tissue repair.
• Their selective cargo, especially miRNA, underpins their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities.
• Further research into MSC-MV generation and function can advance regenerative medicine strategies.