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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
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Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
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Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Updated: May 12, 2026

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Quantitative trait locus analysis: multiple cross and heterogeneous stock mapping.

Robert Hitzemann1, John K Belknap, Shannon K McWeeney

  • 1Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon and the Research Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon.

Alcohol Research & Health : the Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists once sought a single gene for alcoholism, but research now shows complex behaviors are influenced by many genes. This understanding evolved with new genetic tools, shifting focus from "the" gene to polygenic influences on traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Behavioral Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Historically, research sought single genes for complex human diseases like alcoholism.
  • Gene manipulation technologies (knockouts, overexpression) initially supported a single-gene focus.
  • A minority argued complex behaviors, like alcohol use, are polygenic, citing plant and fruit fly research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the prevailing single-gene hypothesis for complex traits.
  • To highlight the genetic complexity of behaviors, including alcoholism.
  • To demonstrate that multiple genes contribute to behavioral characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical genetic research approaches.
  • Analysis of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Incorporation of findings from model organisms (plants, fruit flies).

Main Results:

  • Early research focused on identifying single genes responsible for diseases.
  • Technologies like gene knockout and overexpression demonstrated single gene impact.
  • Evidence accumulated showing complex traits, including behavior, are polygenic.

Conclusions:

  • Complex behaviors, like alcoholism, are influenced by numerous genes, not a single one.
  • The understanding of genetic contributions to behavior has shifted towards polygenic models.
  • Advancements in genetic tools were crucial in proving the polygenic nature of complex traits.