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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

Femoroacetabular impingement.

Simon Dimmick¹, Kathryn J Stevens, David Brazier

¹Department of Radiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia. sdimmick@gmp.usyd.edu.au

Radiologic Clinics of North America

|April 30, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a hip condition causing pain and limited movement. This review covers its causes, diagnosis using imaging and exams, and evolving arthroscopic treatments.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Radiology

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain and restricted motion.
FAI can present as cam or pincer types, often coexisting.
Understanding FAI is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).
To discuss the etiology, mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for FAI.
To highlight the evolving landscape of FAI management, particularly arthroscopic interventions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of proposed etiology and mechanisms of FAI.
Analysis of diagnostic modalities including plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Examination of current and emerging treatment strategies for FAI.

Main Results:

FAI involves abnormal contact between the femur and acetabulum, leading to pain and limited range of motion.
Diagnosis relies on a combination of patient symptoms, clinical examination, and imaging findings.
Arthroscopic surgery is a growing treatment option for FAI.

Conclusions:

FAI is a significant contributor to hip dysfunction.
Accurate diagnosis through clinical assessment and advanced imaging is key.
Arthroscopic treatment represents a progressive approach to managing FAI, improving patient outcomes.