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DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Pattern-recognition approach to neuropathy and neuronopathy.

Richard J Barohn1, Anthony A Amato

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. rbarohn@kumc.edu

Neurologic Clinics
|May 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Neuropathic disorders include neuronopathies and peripheral neuropathies, which affect nerve cells or their processes. These conditions, classified as myelinopathies or axonopathies, have distinct clinical signs aiding diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Neuropathic disorders affect neurons, encompassing neuronopathies and peripheral neuropathies.
  • Peripheral neuropathies are further classified into myelinopathies and axonopathies.
  • These conditions can be either hereditary or acquired.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the classification of neuropathic disorders.
  • To describe the distinct clinical features enabling diagnosis.
  • To highlight the role of laboratory studies in confirming clinical impressions.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and pattern recognition of neuropathic disorders.
  • Subdivision of peripheral neuropathies into myelinopathies and axonopathies.
  • Integration of clinical findings with laboratory diagnostic studies.

Main Results:

  • Neuropathic disorders present with distinct clinical patterns.
  • Classification into neuronopathies, myelinopathies, and axonopathies aids understanding.
  • Clinical presentation guides the selection of supportive laboratory investigations.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropathic disorders are diverse, affecting neuronal cell bodies or processes.
  • Distinct clinical features are key to recognizing different neuropathic conditions.
  • Laboratory studies are crucial for confirming diagnoses initiated by clinical assessment.