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Updated: May 11, 2026
07:59
Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
Published on: July 28, 2018
2013 AAHA/AAFP fluid therapy guidelines for dogs and cats
Harold Davis1, Tracey Jensen, Anthony Johnson
1University of California Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, CA, USA.
Summary
Veterinary fluid therapy requires individualized patient assessment to determine the need for, and selection of, appropriate fluids. Continuous re-evaluation ensures optimal treatment for various medical conditions and fluid disturbances.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Critical Care
- Fluid Physiology
Background:
- Fluid therapy is crucial for managing diverse medical conditions in veterinary patients.
- Effective fluid therapy necessitates a thorough evaluation of patient history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide guidelines for clinicians on fluid therapy in veterinary patients.
- To assist in prioritizing treatment goals, selecting appropriate fluids and administration rates.
- To guide the assessment of patient response to fluid therapy.
Main Methods:
- Assessment of patient history, chief complaint, and physical exam findings.
- Consideration of indicated additional testing to determine fluid therapy needs.
- Evaluation of patient pathology (acid-base, oncotic, electrolyte abnormalities) and comorbid conditions.
Main Results:
- Fluid selection depends on patient needs: volume, rate, composition, and administration site (interstitial vs. intravascular).
- Therapy must be individualized, tailored, and continuously re-evaluated based on patient status.
- Patients require assessment for disturbances in fluid volume, content, and distribution.
Conclusions:
- Individualized and adaptive fluid therapy is essential for veterinary patients.
- Guidelines aid clinicians in optimizing fluid administration and patient monitoring.
- These recommendations are applicable to anesthetized patients and those with fluid disturbances.
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