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Updated: May 11, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
Published on: January 10, 2013
[Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves the functional level in patients with severe chronic obstructive
Salam Al-Gibouri1, Thomas Ringbæk, Peter Lange
1Afdeling for Social Medicin, Institut for Folkesundhedsvidenskab, Københavns Universitet, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark.
Abstract:
Muscle atrophy and exertional dyspnoea are common in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a new type of training for these patients. A number of randomized trials show that NMES has a positive physiological and clinical effect of muscle strength and endurance in patients with advanced COPD and in patients with acute COPD exacerbations. However, this positive effect is not seen in patients with moderate COPD. We suggest that NMES should be integrated in rehabilitation programmes for patients with severe COPD.
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