Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporal changes in smoking prevalence among adolescents across 23 countries.

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)·2024
Same author

Associations between weight-control methods and depression among Korean adolescents: a study based on a national dataset.

Nutrition research and practice·2024
Same author

Racial Discrimination and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre·2024
Same author

Association Between Sociodemographic Factors and Vaccine Acceptance for Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

JMIR public health and surveillance·2024
Same author

Sex-stratified mortality estimates in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 2,700,825 people with schizophrenia.

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2024
Same author

Nationwide trends in sadness, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among multicultural and monocultural adolescents in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2011-2022.

World journal of pediatrics : WJP·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
10:07

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

RhoGTPases--NODes for effector-triggered immunity in animals.

Lynda M Stuart1, Laurent Boyer

  • 1Developmental Immunology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. lstuart@partners.org

Cell Research
|May 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The immune system uses NOD1 to detect microbial pathogens by monitoring RhoGTPase activation, a process conserved across species. This discovery highlights a fundamental mechanism in innate immunity.

More Related Videos

Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity
11:21

Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity

Published on: March 12, 2015

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
10:07

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity
11:21

Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity

Published on: March 12, 2015

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The innate immune system must distinguish between self, commensal microbes, and pathogens.
  • Pathogenic microbes employ virulence effectors to manipulate host cell functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which the immune system detects the pathogenic potential of microbes.
  • To explore the role of NOD1 in sensing microbial virulence strategies.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved molecular biology techniques to analyze host-pathogen interactions.
  • Investigated the interaction between NOD1 and RhoGTPases in response to microbial components.

Main Results:

  • NOD1 activation is linked to the monitoring of RhoGTPase activation states.
  • Pathogenic microbes' virulence effectors target RhoGTPases, which is sensed by NOD1.
  • This detection system shows evolutionary conservation in innate immunity.

Conclusions:

  • NOD1 represents a key component of the innate immune system for detecting microbial pathogens.
  • The findings reveal conserved immune recognition pathways across diverse taxa, including invertebrates and plants.