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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Development of a Preclinical Inhalation Model to Test Vaporized Cannabis Distillates
06:09

Development of a Preclinical Inhalation Model to Test Vaporized Cannabis Distillates

Published on: May 30, 2025

Marijuana: respiratory tract effects.

Kelly P Owen1, Mark E Sutter, Timothy E Albertson

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V St., Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA, kelly.owen@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marijuana smoke affects the lungs similarly to tobacco but doesn't seem to cause COPD. Its effects on cancer risk and the immune system are still being studied, especially with new THC products.

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Published on: February 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Marijuana is a widely used substance, often inhaled, leading to respiratory effects.
  • Its physiological and long-term health impacts, including carcinogenicity and immune modulation, require further investigation.
  • The increasing legalization and development of new tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products necessitate updated research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of marijuana's effects on the respiratory system.
  • To explore the potential carcinogenic risks and immune system impacts of marijuana smoke.
  • To address the challenges in evaluating newer THC-based products.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on marijuana use and its health consequences.
  • Analysis of studies examining respiratory symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) links, and cancer risks.
  • Assessment of research on physiological effects, immune responses, and emerging THC product data.

Main Results:

  • Marijuana smoke causes respiratory symptoms like cough and hyperinflation, but a direct link to COPD is not established.
  • Carcinogenic effects are unclear, with mixed findings on various cancers; some studies suggest a protective role.
  • Marijuana smoke can suppress the immune system, yet cannabis components are explored for treating diseases.

Conclusions:

  • While marijuana inhalation shares some pulmonary effects with tobacco smoke, it may not cause COPD.
  • The relationship between marijuana smoke and cancer risk remains inconclusive, with potential protective effects noted.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the health implications of diverse THC products beyond traditional smoke.