Triorchidism: a rare genitourinary abnormality

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Surgery
• Urology
• Congenital Anomalies

Background:

• Polyorchidism, the presence of more than two testicles, is an exceptionally rare congenital condition.
• Reports of triorchidism in young children are scarce, making each case significant for understanding the anomaly.
• Associated anomalies frequently include inguinal hernia, maldescended testis, testicular torsion, and hydrocele.

Observation:

• A two-year-old child presented with bilateral undescended testes.
• Scrotal and abdominal ultrasonography revealed both testes located within the inguinal canals.
• Intraoperative findings confirmed triorchidism: two testes on the left (Leung III class) and one on the right.

Findings:

• The case highlights a rare presentation of polyorchidism in a pediatric patient.
• The anatomical classification (Leung III) provides specific details on the testicular arrangement.
• The incidental discovery during assessment for undescended testes is typical for polyorchidism.

Implications:

• The management of polyorchidism is complex and depends on factors like testicular location, size, vascular supply, and patient age.
• Further case reports are crucial for refining surgical and long-term management strategies for polyorchidism.
• Understanding associated anomalies is vital for comprehensive patient care and monitoring.