Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 10, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
Calcific mitral stenosis
Laila A Payvandi1, Vera H Rigolin
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Abstract:
The mitral valve annulus is a complex structure that is an integral part of the mitral valve apparatus. The annulus plays an active role in mitral valve leaflet coaptation and in left atrial and ventricular function. The annulus is susceptible to disease processes that are distinct from those that affect the mitral valve leaflets. Advanced annular calcification may extend onto the mitral valve leaflets, thereby causing increased diastolic gradients across the mitral valve. This review highlights risk factors for mitral annular calcification, features of calcific mitral stenosis, differentiation from rheumatic mitral valve disease, and the echocardiographic approach to this disorder.
Related Concept Videos
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
