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Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

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RNA Blot Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Plant MicroRNAs
14:41

RNA Blot Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Plant MicroRNAs

Published on: July 11, 2020

Plant mobile small RNAs.

Patrice Dunoyer1, Charles Melnyk, Attila Molnar

  • 1IBMP-CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|July 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are mobile silencing signals in plants, regulating gene expression and defense. This review discusses their movement and function in recipient cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • RNA biology
  • Gene regulation

Background:

  • RNA silencing is crucial for plant gene expression, heterochromatin formation, transposable element suppression, and antiviral defense.
  • Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) provide sequence specificity for these RNA silencing processes.
  • The systemic spread of RNA silencing in plants has been known for years, but the mobile signals were only recently identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the different types of mobile sRNA molecules in plants.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of short- and long-range movement of these mobile sRNAs.
  • To explore the functions of mobile sRNAs in recipient plant cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on RNA silencing and mobile sRNAs in plants.
  • Analysis of research demonstrating sRNAs as mobile silencing signals.
  • Synthesis of findings on sRNA transport and function.

Main Results:

  • Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are formally identified as the mobile silencing signals in plants.
  • These sRNAs exhibit both short- and long-range movement within the plant.
  • Mobile sRNAs play critical roles in gene regulation and defense in recipient cells.

Conclusions:

  • Mobile sRNAs are key mediators of systemic RNA silencing in plants.
  • Understanding sRNA movement is essential for deciphering plant gene regulation and defense mechanisms.
  • Further research into sRNA transport and function will advance plant science.